Amalambu aphezulu e-Mountaineering ngo-2024

Amalambu aphezulu e-Mountaineering ngo-2024

Umthombo Wesithombe:unsplash

Emkhakheni wokuqwala izintaba, aisibani sekhanda esiholelekileime njengethuluzi elibalulekile, ikhanyisa izindlela ezindaweni ezimazombezombe futhi iqondisa abaqwali ebumnyameni bobusuku.Unyaka ka-2024 umemezela inkathi entshaubuchwepheshe bamalambu, ngentuthuko ethembisayoukukhanya okuthuthukisiwe, impilo yebhethri enwetshiwe, nokuqina okungenakuqhathaniswa.Ukukhetha ibest headlampukugibela izintaba kudinga iso elibukhali ukuze uthole imininingwane, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana namalumens ukuze kubonakale kahle, ubude bebhethri bokusebenza okuzinzile, nokumelana nesimo sezulu ngokwethembeka okungantengantengi ezimeni ezinzima.

Izici Eziyinhloko Ongazibheka Kulambu Lokukhuphuka Intaba

Izici Eziyinhloko Ongazibheka Kulambu Lokukhuphuka Intaba
Umthombo Wesithombe:unsplash

Ukugqama kanye nebanga le-Beam

I-lumens nokubaluleka kwayo

Uma ucubungula isibani sokugibela izintaba, isici sokukhanya sibalulekile.Khetha amalambu akhanyayo anamalume ahlukahlukene, njengalawo anika amalumens angama-400, ama-lumens angama-800, noma angama-1400 afana nawo.I-Fenix ​​HM65R Headlamp.Ukuphakama kwe-lumens, kuyanda ukubonakala ezindaweni eziyinselele.

Izilungiselelo ze-beam ezilungisekayo

Amalambu ahlukahlukenehlinzeka ngezilungiselelo zokukhanya ezilungisekayo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zokukhanyisa ezahlukene.Ukuthi udinga ukukhanya okufinyelela kukhoAmamitha angu-75 noma i-floodlight ekhanyisa kufika kumamitha angu-16, ukuba nezilungiselelo eziguquguqukayo zemishayo kuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka phakathi nohambo lwakho lokuqwala izintaba.

Impilo Yebhethri Nezinketho Zamandla

Ashajwa kabusha uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri alahlwayo

Ukukhetha phakathi kwamabhethri ashajwa kabusha nalahlwayo kuthinta impilo ende yesibani sakho.Cabangela amamodeli afana neI-Ledlenser Headlamp, enikeza ibhethri elishajekayo le-USB elihlala isikhathi esideAmahora angu-100 kumodi ephansi.Ngaphandle kwalokho, amalambu anjengalawaIndawo Yedayimane Emnyama 400hlinzeka ngokuguquguquka kokubili kwe-AAA nezinketho zebhethri elishajekayo.

Izinkomba zempilo yebhethri

Ukuqapha impilo yebhethri kubalulekile ekukhanyeni okungaphazamiseki phakathi nohambo lokuqwala izintaba.Bheka amalambu ahlome ngezinkomba zempilo yebhethri, njengalezo ezitholakala ku-I-NITECORE HC35 Headlamp, iqinisekisa ukuthi uyazi ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokushajwa kabusha noma ukushintsha amabhethri.

Ukuqina Nokumelana Nesimo Sezulu

Izilinganiso ezingangeni manzi

Ukubekezelela izimo zezulu ezinzima kudinga isibani esikhulu esinezilinganiso eziphakeme zokuvikela amanzi.Khetha amalambu afana ne-I-Fenix ​​HM65R, eyaziwa ngokubaungangeni manzi futhi ungaconsi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngisho nasezindaweni eziyinselele lapho umswakama uvame khona.

Ukumelana nomthelela

Ezindaweni ezimazombezombe lapho ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu, beka phambili amalambu adizayinelwe anezici zokumelana nomthelela.Amamodeli afana ne-Indawo Yedayimane Emnyama 400velela kulesi sici ngokugcina amandla alula ngenkathi uhlala engasindi futhi uqinile kuyo yonke imizamo yakho yokuqwala izintaba.

Comfort and Fit

Izintambo ezilungisekayo

Ukuthuthukisa ukunethezeka phakathi nohambo lokuqwala izintaba, amalambu anemichilo elungisekayo anikeza ukulingana komuntu siqu okuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuhamba kalula.II-Ledlenser Headlampihlanganisa amabhande angashintshwa kalula ukuze athwale osayizi bekhanda abahlukahlukene, anikeze umuzwa ovikelekile futhi othokomele ngisho nangesikhathi semisebenzi eguquguqukayo.

Ukucatshangelwa kwesisindo

Isisindo sidlala indima ebalulekile kukho konke ukunethezeka kwelambu lokuqwala izintaba.Khetha izinketho ezingasindi njengeI-NITECORE HC35 Headlamp, okulinganisa ukusebenza okuphezulu nomklamo ongasindi.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ubunzima obuncane entanyeni nasekhanda, okuvumela ukugqoka okunwetshiwe ngaphandle kokuphatheka kabi noma ukukhathala.

Amalambu aphezulu e-Mountaineering ngo-2024

Amalambu aphezulu e-Mountaineering ngo-2024
Umthombo Wesithombe:ama-pexels

Indawo Yedayimane Emnyama 400

Izici Eziyinhloko

  • Indawo Yedayimane Emnyama 400inikeza ukukhanya okukhulu kwe400 lumens, enikeza ukubonakala okungavamile phakathi nokukhuphuka ebusuku.
  • Isibani sekhanda sihlanganisa imodi yokubona ebusuku ebomvu ukuze kulondolozwe ukubona kwemvelo ebusuku futhi kuvimbele ukuphuphuthekisa abanye eqenjini.
  • Ngesilinganiso esingangeni manzi se-IPX8, iBlack Diamond Spot 400 iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ngisho nasezimeni ezimanzi nezineqhwa.

Ubuhle nobubi

Okuhle:

  1. IIndawo Yedayimane Emnyama 400ihlanganisa i-PowerTap Technology ukuze ushintshe kalula phakathi kwamandla agcwele noma afiphele.
  2. Inemodi yokukhiya ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwebhethri ngephutha ngesikhathi sokugcina noma sokuthutha.
  3. Idizayini yelambu elihlangene kanye nokwakhiwa okungasindi kuyenza ibe ntofontofo uma isetshenziswa isikhathi eside.

Ububi:

  1. Abanye abasebenzisi bangathola ibanga le-beam likhawulelwe kancane uma liqhathaniswa namanye amamodeli emakethe.
  2. Ingxenye yebhethri ingaba inselele ukuyivula, ikakhulukazi uma kuvuliwe amagilavu.

Ulwazi/Izincomo Zomuntu Siqu

Ngemva kokuhlola iIndawo Yedayimane Emnyama 400phakathi nohambo oluhlukahlukene lokuqwala izintaba, iye yaletha ngokungaguquki ukusebenza okuthembekile.Ukunethezeka kokulungisa amaleveli okukhanya lapho usohambeni kusiza kakhulu uma uzulazula endaweni ekhohlisayo ebusuku.Kubagibeli abafuna isibani esihlala isikhathi eside nesisebenza ngezindlela eziningi, iBlack Diamond Spot 400 iyimbangi ephezulu elinganisa ukusebenza nokunethezeka ngaphandle komthungo.

I-Petzl Actik Core

Izici Eziyinhloko

  • II-Petzl Actik Coreinokukhanya okuphezulu kwama-lumens angama-450, okuqinisekisa ukubonakala okucacile ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezintaba.
  • Lesi sibani sihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bamandla ayingxube, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe phakathi kwamabhethri ashajwa kabusha namabhethri e-AAA ajwayelekile ukuze kube lula.
  • Ngamamodi amaningi okukhanyisa ahlanganisa ukusondela, ukunyakaza, nokubona ibanga, i-Petzl Actik Core ijwayelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokukhuphuka.

Ubuhle nobubi

Okuhle:

  1. II-Petzl Actik Coreinikeza inani elihle kakhulu lamakhono ayo okusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu.
  2. Ibhande lekhanda elikhanyayo lithuthukisa ukubonakala ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi ukuze kuphephe okwengeziwe phakathi nokukhuphuka ebusuku.
  3. Imodi yokukhanyisa ebomvu igcina umbono wasebusuku ngaphandle kokuphazamisa abanye abaseduze.

Ububi:

  1. Abanye abasebenzisi bangathola ibhande lekhanda liqine kancane phakathi nezikhathi zokuguga ezinwetshiwe.
  2. Yize inketho yebhethri elishajekayo ifaneleka, ingaba nempilo yebhethri yonke emfushane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye ezingasetshenziswa.

Ulwazi/Izincomo Zomuntu Siqu

Njengomqwali wezintaba othanda ukwethembeka nokuguquguquka egiyeni, iI-Petzl Actik Coreube ngumngane ongaguquki ohambweni lwami lwe-alpine.Ukwakhiwa kwayo okuqinile imelana nezimo zezulu ezinzima kuyilapho inikeza ukukhanya okwanele kokukhuphuka kobuchwepheshe noma imisebenzi yasekamu ngemva kokuhwalala.Kubantu abaqwala izintaba abafuna isibani esinokwethenjelwa nxazonke ngaphandle kokuphula umkhawulo, i-Petzl Actik Core iyisinqumo esihle esisebenza kahle kakhulu nokuqina.

I-Fenix ​​HP25R

Izici Eziyinhloko

  • II-Fenix ​​HP25Rivelele ngemithombo yokukhanya ekabili - ukukhanya okukodwa kanye ne-floodlight eyodwa - enikeza ukuguquguquka kwezinketho zokukhanyisa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokukhuphuka.
  • Ngokuphuma okuphezulu kwamalumens angu-1000 avela kuma-Cree LEDs, lesi sibani sinikeza ukukhanya okunamandla emigwaqweni efunwa izintaba.
  • Ibhande lekhanda elilungisekayo liqinisekisa ukulingana okuvikelekile ngisho naphakathi nokunyakaza okuguquguqukayo noma izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekuphakameni kwezwe.

Ubuhle nobubi

Okuhle:

  1. II-Fenix ​​HP25RIzilawuli ezihlukene zamabala nezikhukhula zivumela ukulungiswa okunembile ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zokukhanyisa.
  2. Izindlu zayo ze-aluminium zithuthukisa ukuqina ngenkathi igcina iphrofayili engasindi efanele ukusetshenziswa okunwetshiwe.
  3. Ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo okulinganiselwe kwalesi sibani kunciphisa ubunzima entanyeni ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka isikhathi eside noma ukuqondisa kwezobuchwepheshe.

Ububi:

  1. Abasebenzisi bangase bakuthole ukuzulazula kumamodi okukhanya ahlukene kuyindida ekuqaleni ngenxa yezilungiselelo eziningi ezitholakalayo.
  2. Ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngamaleveli okukhanya ahlaba umxhwele, abanye abaqwali bangase bakhethe izinketho zempilo yebhethri ezinde ohambweni olunwetshiwe.

Ulwazi/Izincomo Zomuntu Siqu

Kuyo yonke imizamo yami yokuqwala izintaba lapho ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuyisihluthulelo, iI-Fenix ​​HP25Rihlangabezane ngokungaguquki engikulindele ngezinketho zayo zokukhanyisa eziguquguqukayo kanye nekhwalithi yokwakha eqinile.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bengidinga ukukhanya okugxilile kokuthola umzila noma ukumbozwa okubanzi kokusetha indawo yokukhempa ntambama, lesi sibani siletha ukusebenza okuthembekile ngaphandle kokuyekethisa.Kubantu abaqwala izintaba abafuna isibani esiphezulu esinomphumela omkhulu kodwa esisebenziseka kalula esidlula izindawo ezihlukahlukene, i-Fenix ​​HP25R isalokhu iyinketho eyingqayizivele ehlanganisa amandla nokunemba ngaphandle komthungo.

I-Nitecore HC35

Izici Eziyinhloko

  • I-Nitecore HC35inomphumela oncomekayo wama-lumens angu-2,700, oqinisekisa ukukhanya okukhethekile ekukhuphukeni okunwetshiwe kwasebusuku.
  • Lesi sibani sihlanganisa idizayini eguquguqukayo enemithombo eminingi yokukhanya, okuhlanganisa i-LED emhlophe eyinhloko nama-LED asizayo abomvu ukuze abonakale kangcono ezimeni ezihlukahlukene.
  • Ifakwe imbobo yokushaja eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-USB-C, i-Nitecore HC35 inikeza izinketho ezilula zokushajwa zohambo lwasohambeni.

Ubuhle nobubi

Okuhle:

  1. II-Nitecore HC35inikeza ugongolo olunamandla olukhanyisa amabanga amade, olulungele ukuzulazula ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezintaba.
  2. Ukwakhiwa kwayo okuhlala isikhathi eside kumelana nezimo ezimazombezombe, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ngisho nasezimweni zezulu ezinzima.
  3. Idizayini ye-ergonomic yesilambu kanye nebhande elilungisekayo linikeza ukunethezeka phakathi nezikhathi zokuguga ezinwetshiwe.

Ububi:

  1. Abanye abasebenzisi bangathola ukulungiselelwa kokukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu kuqine kakhulu kwimisebenzi yebanga eliseduze, edinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukuxhopha.
  2. Ngenkathi isici sokushaja se-USB-C sifanelekile, singadinga ukufinyelela emithonjeni yamandla ohambweni olunwetshiwe.

Ulwazi/Izincomo Zomuntu Siqu

Ngemva kokuhlola iI-Nitecore HC35ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka okuyinselele kwe-alpine, inikeze ngokuqhubekayo ukusebenza okuyingqayizivele nokuthembeka.Ukukhishwa kwe-lumen ephezulu kuhlanganiswe nezinketho zokukhanyisa eziguquguqukayo kuyenza ibe umngane obalulekile wabaqwali bezintaba abafuna amakhono okukhanyisa asezingeni eliphezulu.Kubantu abaqwala izintaba ababeka phambili ukukhanya nokuqina ekukhetheni kwabo izibani, i-Nitecore HC35 igqama njengesixazululo esiqinile nesinamandla sokukhanyisa esihamba phambili ekufuneni izindawo ezingaphandle.

Isignesha ye-Ledlenser HF6R

Izici Eziyinhloko

  • IIsignesha ye-Ledlenser HF6Rinikeza umklamo ohlangene futhi ongasindi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwabaqwali abafuna ukunciphisa isisindo segiya ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ekusebenzeni.
  • Ngokuphuma okuphezulu kwama-lumens angu-600 kusukela kubuchwepheshe bayo be-LED obuthuthukisiwe, lesi sibani sinikeza ukukhanya okuthembekile kuyo yomibili imizila yokukhuphuka nemisebenzi yamakamu.
  • Ifaka isixhumi esibonakalayo senkinobho eyodwa enembile, Isiginesha ye-Ledlenser HF6R ivumela ukufinyelela okulula kumamodi ahlukene okukhanya namaleveli okukhanya asekelwe ezidingweni zokukhuphuka.

Ubuhle nobubi

Okuhle:

  1. IIsignesha ye-Ledlenser HF6Rihlanganisa ukusebenza okuphezulu nesisindo esincane, okwenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa okunwetshiwe ngaphandle kokubangela ubunzima bentamo noma ukungakhululeki.
  2. Isistimu yayo yokuphatha ibhethri esebenza kahle iqinisekisa izikhathi zokusebenza ezinde kuzilungiselelo eziphansi kuyilapho igcina ukukhanya okuqinile lapho kudingeka kakhulu.
  3. I-beam yelambu eligxilisa ingqondo inika amandla ukulungiswa kokukhanya okunembile kokuthola umzila noma imisebenzi eseduze phakathi nohambo lokuqwala izintaba.

Ububi:

  1. Abasebenzisi bangathola ukusebenza kwenkinobho eyodwa kuyinselele kancane ukuzulazula ekuqaleni ngenxa yemisebenzi eminingi eyabelwe ukulawula okukodwa.
  2. Ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngamaleveli okukhanya ahlaba umxhwele, abanye abaqwali bangase bathande izici ezengeziwe ezonga ibhethri ukuze uhambe isikhathi eside lapho izinketho zokushajwa kabusha zikhawulelwe.

Ulwazi/Izincomo Zomuntu Siqu

Njengomqwali onolwazi owazisa igiya elingasindi ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ekusebenzeni, iIsignesha ye-Ledlenser HF6Rubengumngane onokwethenjelwa emizamweni eminingi yezintaba.Ibhalansi yayo phakathi kokusebenza kahle kwesisindo kanye nokukhiphayo okukhanyayo kuyenza ibe inketho ekahle ekuphishekeleni kwe-alpine lapho igremu ngayinye ibalwa khona.Kubagibeli abafuna isibani esinokwethenjelwa kodwa esingasindi esisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuguquguqukeni nasekuqineni ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokuqwala, Isignesha ye-Ledlenser HF6R iyinketho ye-top-notch eletha ukukhanya okungaguquki ngaphandle kokwengeza inqwaba engadingekile ekusetheni igiya lakho.

Ungasigcina Kanjani Futhi Unakekele Isibani Sakho

Amathiphu Okuhlanza Nokugcina

Ukuhlanza i-lens nomzimba

Ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwelambu lakho, hlanza njalo kokubili ilensi nomzimba usebenzisa indwangu ethambile, engenantambo.Amalambu akhanyayoathambekele ekubeni nothuli nokunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu, okungathinta ukuphuma kokukhanya.Sula kahle ilensi nge-aindwangu emanziukususa noma yikuphi ukungcola noma ama-smudges, qaphela ukuthi unganwayi indawo.Emzimbeni, sebenzisa insipho emnene ukuze uhlanze ukungcola noma ukugcwala komjuluko, bese womisa kahle ngaphambi kokugcina.

Imikhuba efanele yokugcina

Isitoreji esifanele sibalulekile ukuze welule isikhathi sokuphila kwelambu lakho.Uma ingasetshenziswa, yigcine endaweni epholile, neyomile ekude nelanga eliqondile ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi.Gwema ukugcinaizibani zekhanda eziholayonamabhethri ngaphakathi isikhathi eside ukuvimbela ukugqwala.Cabangela ukusebenzisa ikesi elivikelayo noma isikhwama ukuze uvikele ilambu ekuthinteni noma ekulimaleni kwengozi phakathi nokuhamba.

Ukugcinwa Kwebhethri

Imikhuba ehamba phambili yamabhethri ashajwayo

Ngobaizibani zekhanda eziholayoifakwe amabhethri aphinde ashajwe, landela izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokugcina impilo yebhethri nokuphila isikhathi eside.Gwema ukuyikhipha ngokugcwele ibhethri ngaphambi kokuyishaja kabusha;esikhundleni salokho, gcwalisa ishaji ngemva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye ukuze uvimbele ukuchithwa okujulile okungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwebhethri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Uma ugcina isibani isikhathi eside, qiniseka ukuthi ibhethri inamandla acishe abe ngu-50% ukuze uvimbele izinkinga zokuphuma kwamanzi ngokweqile.

Igcina amabhethri ayisipele

Ukuba namabhethri ayisipele esandleni kubalulekile ekukhanyeni okungaphazamiseki phakathi nohambo lokuqwala izintaba.Gcina amabhethri ayisipele endaweni epholile, neyomile kude nemithombo yokushisa noma umswakama.Lebula isethi ngayinye yamabhethri ngedethi yawo yokuthenga ukuze ulandelele ukusetshenziswa futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa amaseli aphelelwe yisikhathi angase abe ubungozi bokuphepha noma aholele ekusebenzeni okuncishisiwe.Zungezisa njalo phakathi kwamabhethri ayisipele ukuze ugcine ukusha nokuthembeka kwawo lapho edingeka kakhulu.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ikuphi ukukhanya okufanele kwesibani sokugibela izintaba?

Lapho bekhetha ilambu lokuqwala izintaba, abaqwali bavame ukuzibuza ngezinga eliphezulu lokukhanya ukuze baqinisekise ukubonakala okucacile ezindaweni eziyinselele.Ukukhanya okulungile kwesibani sokugibela izintaba ngokuvamile kuhluka phakathi200 futhi 300 lumens, enikeza i-beam eqinile ekhanyisa indawo ezungezile ngokuphumelelayo.Leli zinga lokukhanya lishaya ibhalansi phakathi kokubonakala nokusebenza kahle kwebhethri, iqinisekisa ukukhanya okwanele ngaphandle kokukhipha amandla ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka okunwetshiwe.

Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ilambu alikwazi ukungena emanzini?

Ukunquma amandla elambu elingangeni amanzi kubalulekile kubaqwali bezintaba ababhekene nezimo zezulu ezingalindelekile kanye nezindawo ezimangelengele.Ukuze uthole ukuthi ilambu alikwazi yini ukungena emanzini, bheka okuqondileisibani sekhanda esiholelekileamamodeli anesilinganiso se-Ingress Protection (IP) se-IPX7 noma ngaphezulu.Isilinganiso se-IPX7 sibonisa ukuthi ilambu langaphambili lingakwazi ukumelana nokucwiliswa emanzini kufika kumitha elingu-1 imizuzu engu-30 ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwaso.Ukwengeza, hlola izici ezifana nezindlu ezivaliwe kanye nama-O-ring seal avimbela ukungena kwamanzi, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ngisho nasezindaweni ezimanzi.

Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa isibani esivamile sokuqwala izintaba?

Nakuba amalambu avamile angase anele ukwenza imisebenzi yangaphandle evamile, ukusebenzisa isibani esizinikezele sokuqwala izintaba kunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile ezindaweni eziyinselele ze-alpine.Amalambu okuqondisa izintaba aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukile zohambo lokukhuphuka, afaka ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, namaleveli okukhanya aklanyelwe izindawo ezimazombezombe.Lawa malambu akhethekile ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obufana nezindlela eziningi zokukhanyisa, imishayo elungisekayo, namabhethri ahlala isikhathi eside alungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka.Ukukhetha isibani sentaba esakhelwe inhloso kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile nokuphepha kuzilungiselelo zokuphakama okuphezulu lapho ukubonakala kubalulekile.

Emkhakheni wokuqwala izintaba, ukukhetha ibest headlampkubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuphukeni okuphephile nokuphumelelayo.Isibani esingakwesokudla singasho umehluko phakathi kokuzulazula ezindleleni ezikhohlisayo kalula noma ukubhekana nezinselele ezingadingekile ebumnyameni.Ngemva kokuhlola uhla lwamalambu aphezulu ka-2024, abaqwali bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bacabangele izidingo zabo ngabanye kanye nalokho abakuthandayo lapho bekhetha.Noma ngabe ukubeka phambili ukukhanya, impilo yebhethri, noma ukuqina, izimfuneko ezihlukile zomqwali ngamunye zingahlangatshezwa nokukhetha okuhlukahlukene okutholakalayo.Yabelana ngolwazi lwakho lwelambu lokukhuphuka izintaba nemibuzo ukuze uqhubeke ukhanyisela uhambo lwakho lwe-alpine.

 


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-27-2024